How to Celebrate French Candlemas (Jour des Crêpes)

The most effective method to Celebrate French Candlemas (Jour des Crã ªpes) The Catholic occasion of Candlemas, commended each year on February 2, is a dining experience of crã ªpes that is intended to celebrate the refinement of the Virgin Mary and the introduction of child Jesus. In France, this occasion is called la Chandeleur, Fã ªte de la Lumiã ¨reâ or Jour des crã ªpes. Note that this occasion bears no connection to Lyons Fã ªte des lumiã ¨res, which happens December 5 to 8. A Bit of Fortune-Telling Not exclusively do the French eat a ton of crã ªpes on la Chandeleur, yet they additionally do a touch of fortune-telling while at the same time making them. It is conventional to hold a coin in your composing hand and a crã ªpe dish in the other, at that point flip the crã ªpe into the air. In the event that you figure out how to get the crã ªpe in the skillet, your family will as far as anyone knows be prosperous for the remainder of the year. French Proverbs and Sayings for Chandeleur There are a wide range of French axioms and colloquialisms for Chandeleur; here are only a couple. Note the similitudes to the Groundhog Day expectations made in the US and Canada: la Chandeleur, lhiver cesse ou reprend vigueurOn Candlemas, winter closes or deteriorates la Chandeleur, le jour croã ®t de deux heuresOn Candlemas, the day develops by two hoursChandeleur couverte, quarante jours de perteCandlemas secured (in day off), days lostRosà ©e la Chandeleur, hiver sa derniã ¨re heureDew on Candlemas, winter at its last hour The Crã ªpe-Throwing Game Heres a pleasant method to praise la Chandeleur in French classes. All you need are aâ crã ªpe formula, fixings, paper plates and a little prize, for example, a book or a $5 greenback. Because of an individual French instructor for sharing this. The day preceding, solicit a couple from understudies to make a heap of crã ªpes and bring them into class (or make them yourself). For an in any event, playing field, the crã ªpes should be a similar size, around 5 creeps in diameter.Give every understudy a paper plate and compose their name on the base. The object of the game is to get a crã ªpe in the extremely focal point of the plate.Stand on a seat around 10 feet from the understudies and toss a crã ªpe, frisbee-style, for understudies to get. When they get the crã ªpe, they cannot shake or flip it to attempt to reposition it on the plate.After every understudy has gotten a crã ªpe, ask two grown-ups, for example, individual educators, to come into theâ room and judge which crã ªpe is the most consummately centered. The victor gets a prize.Then you would all be able to celebrate by eating crã ªpes with a collection of fillings and additionally garnishes, which can beâ sweetâ orâ savory.

Write a Brief Description of the Fiscal Policy of the United States.

2â€3 sections Details: During ongoing political crusades, expenses and spending arrangement were key issues. White House spending bundles are frequently intended to invigorate monetary development. From the library or from www. whitehouse. gov, acquire a present outline of government spending and assessment enactment marked by the president. †¢Write a concise depiction of the monetary approach of the United States. †¢Would you portray it as â€Å"expansionary† or â€Å"contractionary†? †¢How can American shoppers impact leaders on financial arrangements? Clarify and talk about if and how this has changed in the course of recent years For the most recent quite a while, the U. S. government has been principally in an expansionary method of monetary strategy. President George W. Hedge marked a $152 billion upgrade bill to help fend off a downturn. This bill principally brought about the mailing of $600 discount checks to a huge number of Americans to supp ort buyer spending. In 2009, President Barack Obama marked the a lot bigger American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which gave tax reductions, advances and contracts, and new or extended privileges. The Congressional Budget Office assessed that the enactment would build the U. S. spending shortfall over a multi year time span by $787 billion. As indicated by www. whitehouse. gov, this enactment made or kept up right around 700,000 employments in the principal quarter of 2010. The fundamental way shoppers impact monetary arrangement is by their ways of managing money. At the point when residents become on edge about the economy, they will in general spare more and spend less. This prompts diminished creation, lay-offs, and joblessness, which thusly causes even lower spending rates. The Federal save normally attempts to regulate the impacts of these circumstances by controlling key loan fees. For instance, at the present time the government subsidizes rate is at a 60-year low, making acquiring for speculations less expensive than it has been in memory. Up to this point, shopper spending saw long haul increments because of the accessibility of individual credit, yet since 2008, as purchaser credit markets have fixed, it has dropped.

Moka Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Moka - Essay Example This is on the grounds that pigs are everything to the clan and the greater the moka is, the more regard and status is earned. As per Ongka, pigs are everything as it keeps the clan alive; moka can likewise be utilized to pay for inconveniences, obligations and get a spouse. The absence of pigs as indicated by Ongka is tragic as the person who needs pigs is alluded to as being no one and waste through and through in the clan. The last hugeness of moka is that it is the main conceivable approach to take up some kind of hobby, wed and get youngsters, without moka then a man has nothing. At long last, moka is additionally used to dazzle others and furthermore as an approach to work together. For instance, Ongka needed to give a hundred pigs as an arrangement of venture and the speculation would pay itself in quite a while time. Body design or enhancement is conspicuous in the Kawelka clan as it is their method of living and regarding their starting points. Besides they use body enhancement during incredible accomplishments in order to commend extraordinary events. In the film, they celebrate moka by setting off to the clan wearing their customary clothing and adornment and get out Ongka with the goal that they can hand to him the moka in type of a pig as a returned favor for his past blessings. Notwithstanding that, body beautification was worn to pay the last tribute to a fallen pioneer. In the film, when one of the older folks passed on, they wore large green leaves and sang a pitiful melody as a major aspect of their

Ebay Strategy

Short history of eBay Pierre Omidyar propelled the primary online closeout in 1995 under the name ‘Auctionwatch’ under the area name of www. eBay. com with the goal of making an individual  ­? to- ­? individual exchanging network dependent on a democratized, proficient market where everybody could have equivalent access through a similar medium, the Internet. The underlying idea was to pull in neighbors and other intrigued by the San Francisco Bay territory inhabitants to the site to purchase and sell things of common intrigue. From that point, the business developed to progression a seemingly endless amount of time after year. 1996: Jeffrey Skoll became co- ­? president and executive of eBay. 997: Margaret Whitman became CEO of eBay. 2004: eBay procured an offer in Craigslist. 2005: eBay gained Rent. com and Shopping. com. 2006: Acquisition of Skype. 2007: eBay gained Stubhub. com. 2008: Margaret Whitman surrendered as CEO. John Donahoe was her replacement. During the years 2006- ­? 2008, eBay encountered a drop in net product deals to -  ­? 12% and a decrease in number of sell-offs inclined to -  ­? 15%. This flagged a downturn in business for eBay, and a need to beat the difficulties which it presently confronted. Somewhere in the range of 2006 and 2008 : eBay’s portion of the US e- ­? business showcase had tumbled from 19% to 17% (Amazon advertise bunnies, same period: from 3,7% to 5,3%). In 2008, John Donahoe assumed control over the firm. Donahoe was a man who enjoyed change. He accepted that the organizations commercial center part had arrived at its development and an adjustment in system was required for the firm to push ahead. At the end of the day, he accepted that the accentuation should never again be put available spot segment of eBay however on growing the business by giving a variety of different administrations. Question 1: Porters’ five powers: When eBay was first set up in 1995, it was the principal bu siness in the online sale industry. From that point forward, the industry has developed fundamentally. eBays contenders includeAmazon, uBid, Yahoo, and Google. Because of the expanding enthusiasm for the online closeout industry, eBay is currently confronting rivalry from various adversaries, above all Amazon. 1. Dealing Power of purchasers: Medium Buyers have the ability to arrange a value which suits them through setting their favored offer. There is no weight on purchasers to outperform their favored value limit. Be that as it may, the quantity of purchasers in the market is tremendous in this manner their capacity is restricted. 2. Dealing Power of Sellers: Low because of perpetual number of venders in the market, the haggling power is low as there are numerous choices which an offer purchasers great worth and at a low cost. Except if managing top of the line things or collectibles, which might be uncommon, the haggling intensity of providers is low. 3. Existing Rivalry among co ntenders: Medium: The online closeout industry is oligopolistic as in there are a couple of huge organizations who own a huge extent of the pieces of the pie (eBay, uBid). Anyway eBay is confronting rivalry from a few online retailers (Amazon, Overstock). 4. Danger of Substitutes: High Many customers despite everything want to utilize customary techniques for buying and selling things, for example, in- ­? store buys. Buyers want to utilize this ype of procurement for some reasons. Right off the bat for security purposes, there is no hazard in giving money  ­? in- ­? hand to a foundation rather than giving Mastercard subtleties on the web. Additionally, purchasers have the chance to check the estimation of the great they wish to buy. Numerous retail outlets have additionally stretched out their market to an online level. 5. Danger of new participants: Medium The risk from new contestants is medium. Because of low obstructions of passage into the market, it isn't hard for organi zations to be made. Organizations think that its hard to create ordinary clients, as they should develop a notoriety of having a sheltered nd secure site. In this sense, eBay has an upper hand as it has made a solid, confided in condition for its clients. Rising rivalry in the market will, thusly, cause enhancements in item quality and advancement. Additionally so as to create great benefits, eBay must concentrate on the area of providers which controls the most benefits, this being the providers of very good quality things, for example, collectible items. EBay can separate by represent considerable authority in the market for collectible merchandise. Question 2: PEST Analysis:  §? Political: The web is a tax exempt condition. EBay isn't influenced by the governments’ laws on tomahawks. Be that as it may, eBay is influenced by specific strategies thinking about the offer of specific items in various nations. For instance, the CNIL in France. Affordable: because of the monet ary emergency, shopper conduct is evolving. Buyers have less discretionary cashflow to spend brought about by issues related with the monetary downturn, for example, rising joblessness rates, swelling rates and so on. Sociological: Consumer conduct has changed significantly lately. Purchasers need a speedy and advantageous approach to source their items/benefits; the web gives this through online retailers and closeouts. The quantity of web sers has enhanced (embed measurements later? ). Innovative: The web has changed, its scope of exercises has extended with time. Alongside offering web crawlers to rapidly discover items/administrations, web presently makes it conceivable to rapidly make exchanges among purchasers and venders (PayPal).  §?  §?  §? The consolidated parts of political, social, monetary and innovative will reinforce rivalry in the business. Regarding conservative, the financial emergency will make organizations separate and work harder to locate an upper hand o ver its adversaries. Comparable to mechanical, the utilization of e- ­? ommerce is turning out to be increasingly famous; it has changed the commercial center. Changing socioeconomics has implied the web and e- ­? business has become a progressively conspicuous power in the lives of shoppers. E- ­? business is engaging as a progressively appealing industry instead of conventional retail outlets. It is more affordable for organizations to make a business online as they can stay away from the expense of utilizing a business workforce. Likewise, as innovation advances, there will be the open door for firms to globalize, in this way growing their market venture into various nations, and expanding their buyer base. Online organizations sick have the option to focus on a bigger number of buyers around the world. In the current monetary emergency, individuals need to build their income. This is a preferred position for online sell-offs, for example, eBay as individuals can sell thing s that they do not utilize anymore. It makes a bigger market for second- ­? hand things, for example, worn- ­? when garments. Question 3: Key Success Factors: Online closeouts and retailers †¢ These key achievement factors apply to both online retailers and online sell-offs. Nonetheless, on account of the online closeouts, a key achievement factor would be the need to make a network of confided in purchasers and merchants. Online sell-offs uch as eBay stress the significance of good qualities among their clients, for example, genuineness and dependability. A second key achievement factors for online closeouts is the significance of drawing in and keeping merchants as without venders providing the things, the market would not exist. It is basic that online sales are made attractable to merchants. This should be possible by offering providers the alternative to set an insignificant cost for their items, further notices of their items e. g. eBay will show dealers items on thei r landing page for an insignificant expense. As appeared, there are indicated key achievement factors for online sell-offs. †¢ Necessity to make a network Necessity to draw in providers Expertise in innovation Brand name Generate traffic to the website: by pulling in and keeping clients Overcome web clients apprehension about utilizing the web for e- ­? trade Security of installment Question 4: Our key guide passes on this is an oligopolistic advertise. There are two principle contenders who hold solid situations in the market, those being eBay and Amazon. The two organizations have a solid notoriety in the market joined with a wide assortment of sell-offs/item classifications. EBay is an easily recognized name with regards to online sell-offs. The guide shows cap eBay holds the most grounded position in the market. Amazon needs number/assortment of sell-offs contrasted with eBay yet it despite everything figured out how to hold a solid situation in the market through its wel l- ­? built up brand name. In correlation with eBay, Yahoo holds a powerless situation in the market. It needs brand acknowledgment as an online business. Hurray additionally has a constrained assortment of sales resembled with the market goliaths eBay and Amazon. Question 5: Swot Analysis  §?  §?  §?  §? Qualities: Global brand for online sell-offs (Brand mindfulness). Quality and Quantity of items. Network soul. Installment security (Paypal). Opportunities:Acquisition of new business. Build up a market in rising nations (India, Brazil†¦). Increment in internet shopping.  §?  §?  §? Shortcomings: Model opened to false exercises. Framework breakdowns. Expanding client requests Threats: Substitute items (stores, web based shopping web sites†¦). Achievement pulls in rivalry. Intrigue and outside money trade rates. Consumers’ dread of falseness  §?  §?  §?  §?  §?  §?  §? The SWOT examination uncovers that eBays qualities exceed its shortc omings. eBays most encouraging quality is its all around realized brand name. EBay has been built up as a commonly recognized name with its proceeded with achievement in the -  ­? trade industry. It is as yet feasible for eBay to extend and develop in this industry because of the expanding enthusiasm for internet shopping. An eminent shortcoming of the online trade industry would be its frameworks receptiveness to deceitfulness. This has been looked by numerous organizations in the market including eBay. Despite the fact that eBay was subj

Oxbridge Interview Questions English Literature

Oxbridge Interview Questions English Literature The OE Blog In a new series of blogs aimed at demystifying the Oxbridge interview process, we will individually explore real interview questions released by Oxford University and consider ways to tackle them and use them as springboards for discussion in front of an admissions panel. This week we consider a genuine question posed by admissions tutor Lynn Robinson, of Regent’s Park College to students applying to study English Literature: “Why do you think an English student might be interested in the fact that Coronation Street has been running for 50 years?” There are many different valid ideas an English student could bring to this question and it is important to remember that with these open ended questions the aim is to provoke discussion and raise interesting issues- so there is no single ‘right’ answer. Here are some different ways one might go about tackling the question: Interrogate the Question There is clearly a big difference between a popular television show and the English literary canon, so rather than dive straight into reasons, an interesting first step might be to think about the very different media of novels, print literature and televised drama; the different experiences they evoke and the different audiences they attract. It might be worth tackling some preconceived notions about the ‘types of people’ who are interested in literature and soaps, and whether these stereotypes are accurate or not. Think Laterally The popularity of a long enduring television show may be compared to the timeless appeal of certain novels and works of literature like Pride and Prejudice or Shakespeare. One could draw similarities between the way in which both Coronation Street and Pride and Prejudice deal with very universal questions, issues and ideas about the human condition and consider if this is the reason for their continued popularity. This could lead on to a discussion about the relevance of literary works and whether a text has the same ‘value’ if it does not directly relate to issues that are immediate and relevant to the reader. Pay Attention to Detail The question specifically asks why the student may be interested not in Coronation Street itself, but in the fact that it has been running for a long time, which suggests a specific focus on the reaction of an audience to the show, and what it is that makes a work of art popular and successful. This could result in a discussion of popular works of literature like the Twilight series, which are hugely successful and read by millions of people all over the world but are not necessarily considered ‘high art’ or ‘great literature’. Or of more demanding works like the novels of James Joyce, or the plays of Samuel Beckett, which are renowned for being difficult to understand and engage with, yet are considered to be of great ‘worth’ and high literary status. Feed into Wider Issues Admissions tutors will frequently use interview questions as a springboard to nudge a student towards a big issue or idea that is fundamental to the subject they are applying to study. Looking for ways in which the interview questions lead into such issues and showing that you are aware of them by widening the discussion is a great way to prove that you would be a perceptive and intelligent student to teach. In this case you might allow your discussion of the difference between ‘popular’ and ‘valuable’ television or literature to lead into the wider issue of whether popularity diminishes the value of a work of art, and whether an unpopular text should be considered less successful. A major literary question this could lead into would be the issue of the English canon how is it determined whether a certain text should be included in the canon or not, and what is the difference between the ‘success’ of writers who achieve canonical status and those who achieve popular succ ess?

How Gender Roles Influence on Society - Free Essay Example

Both present and past societies follow trends of grouping one another into factions in order to raise themselves up on a pedestal. Stereotypes divide the world, whether they be good or bad. Throughout history, the people in power have been men in wealth. Although the roles of these males having power has decreased, gender roles are still prevalent in todays society and these roles have played a part in society for hundreds of years including in Puritan societies. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller exemplifies why gender roles have a negative impact on society as these roles significantly impact the individual lives in the community of Salem, revealing the difficulty to revolt against powerful figures in society. Women in Puritan society such as Elizabeth Proctor and Mary Warren face challenges in the quest for equality, and these roles lead to stereotypes of submissive women that hold them back from reaching their full potential. Mary Warren is struggling to escape male authority and abuse as she cannot do all of the requests of men as some of these men are enemies (624). Mary Warren allows John to be abusive because these actions are normal and hold no consequences. Had Mary Warren abused John, she would have major punishments. When Mary Warren does not speak up about the abuse, an endless cycle begins with men are the abusers and the women are the abused. Elizabeth Proctor took great care of her family and John Proctor because Puritan society requires that women should take care of their husbands and children (602). The gender roles for males and females play a pivotal role because women cannot obtain positions of power as they are focused on raising the family. This hurts society as a who le because males hold all of the positions of power despite the fact that they are only half of the population. Salem focuses on how in general, how women tend to be more emotional than men. Elizabeth is weeping and she covers her face when John is admitting to witchcraft, which will likely lead to his death (673). The stereotype that women are fragile and emotional falls into false and forced gender roles. This stereotype hurts all members of the community because women have a weak image which leads to men not showing their emotions in response. Females in Salem allow stereotypes that hold women back from being treated as equal in the Puritan society. A patriarchal Puritan society allows men to hold power and authority, leading to males such as John Proctor and Danforth to misuse that power. John orders people out of my house! when the court falsely accuses Elizabeth of witchcraft (621). John Proctor knows he has the power to overrule a decision from a judge because his society has taught him that a male with money has more power than the law. When John knows he is more powerful than the laws, he is unafraid to defy them. While Abigail accuses him that he still loves her, John feels [they] did not ever touch one another, whether this be true or false (578). It is difficult for John Proctor to answer honestly because the male gender role is associated with being strong for their family and being loyal. If John were to admit to adultery, he would be looked down upon as weak because society needs him to be a perfect man. John cannot admit to his mistakes because patriarchal societies tell men that they can do no wrong and make no mis takes. Danforth believes that the town should hang [the witches] over the town and nail their names to the church doors (678). Danforth does this because he needs to have a non tarnished image as a leader. Danforth cannot admit to his mistakes about the previous hangings because of the standards of a patriarchal society, similar to John Proctor. John Proctor and Danforth use the Puritan male dominated society to abuse and misuse their powers in order to demonstrate how they value their respect and authority in the community more than anything else. Abusive men and mistreated women in a patriarchal society such as Salem leads to gender roles that negatively influence an entire community. Gender roles and stereotypes are factors that influence a society by creating divided groups of people, instead of one united community. When a group is divided, a power struggle ensues for one who can gain the most amount of power. When a community is united and does not divide themselves up over race or political party, a sense of unity and respect for one another is achieved that many countries, religious groups, and groups of people have never achieved.

My Future Career As A Mental Health Counselor - 2126 Words

It is my belief that in order to be a successful counselor, you must have the skills and ability to listen; especially without judgement. My desire is to work mainly with adolescents and their families inside and outside of schools; I will focus on resolving the identity versus role confusion conflict. I have enjoyed learning about the different techniques and theories of counseling; I am sure each theory is very useful in many ways. I can see myself using different parts of each in my future career as a Mental Health Counselor. However, there are particular theories and techniques that seem to fit into the practice of counseling in the schools more than others. I am particularly drawn to the practicality of Cognitive Behavior Therapy,†¦show more content†¦60). He also acknowledges the power of the past and early traumatic childhood experiences in preventing people from living happy, healthy, well-adjusted lives. (Corey, 2013, p. 63) I agree more with Erikson’s psych osocial perspective than Freud’s psychosexual stages in that people continue to develop socially throughout their lives and that there are specific events to be resolved in each stage of life (Corey, 2013, p. 63). As each client is different, I will apply the concepts accordingly to each individual. I believe Adolescents are in their genital stage and they at this point in their lives are going through a lot of changes, not only within their social circle, but in their family circle as well. During this stage, they are testing limits, breaking dependent ties and trying to establish an identity. My clients are focused on finding their identity, figuring out their life goals, and life’s meanings. But instead of having my clients lie on a couch and tell me all about their dreams, goals, and life experiences, I would use Adler’s life style assessment to learn about their family background and early childhood experiences which may have played an important role in their lives. Adlerian Therapy I would incorporate Adlerian Therapy into my practice to guide how I counsel my clients. Unlike Freud, Adler stresses choice and responsibility, meaning in life and the striving for success, completion and perfection (Corey, 2013,

A Solution to the Population Problem - 1724 Words

Increasing importance has been placed upon population and population growth over the course of the past few centuries. Scientists are frenetically searching for the solution to this issue, and their outcomes are bleak. They are telling the world that if population growth does not slow, the earth will swell to a capacity too large to sustain itself and the conclusion will be apocalyptic. Explanations are numerous, however viable solutions are difficult to find. Adherents to the Malthusian theory, such as Garrett Hardin, author of the article There Is No Global Population Problem, believe that this extreme growth in population will hinder economic development, therefore the industrialized nations must fight to control the population†¦show more content†¦The biggest failure of Hardin’s argument of deglobalization is that he overlooks the real problem behind overpopulation in many of these countries, which is the consumption of resources by the Western world. â€Å" A population that is under 5% of the world’s population generates and consumes 25% of the global GNP† (Porter and Sheppard, 1998 Pg. 136) This rabid consumption by the most well off countries pushes the global south deeper into poverty, which is a root cause of population growth. Although Hardin admits â€Å"Americans are too comfortable to try hard to find an answer.† (Hardin 1989 Pg. 49) he neglects to mention that a good deal of the population problem is caused by the unceasing consumption by our country. If the problem is deglobalized, as Hardin suggests, the Western world will essentially be turning its back on the problem it created. The demographic transition theory, which Gerard Piel supports in his article, offers up a more educated solution to the population problem. The theory claims population growth is related to economic achievements; the more advanced countries increase their life spans, enabling more people to mature to the reproductive years, which in turn leads to an increase in population growth. The growth is then kept in check by technological advances, namely birth control, but also by the fact that a smaller family is ideal since agriculture is not the main source of income and more people is no longer more help, just more mouths toShow MoreRelated The Problem of Population Growth and the Solution of Population Planning3072 Words   |  13 PagesThe Problem of Population Growth and the Solution of Population Planning INTRODUCTION Human population growth, overpopulation, and earth’s biological carrying capacity have been concerns of scientists for many years. In 1679 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek estimated that the maximum number of people Earth can support is 13.4 billion and estimates have continued to vary drastically since then (Cohen, 1995). There are many ecological indicators, including desertification and water problems, whichRead MorePossible Solutions to Ease the Growing Problem of Over-Population846 Words   |  3 Pagesof us on a global scale for society. Our population growth has exploded since 1967, let alone back in 1750. Since 1967, the world population has doubled and annually grows around 80 million people a year; that’s around 2.5 people every Second. Societies speculation of overpopulation has went from a probability to a growing fear of what the future may hold for the global economy. Some countries have taken measures, either by law or trend, to lower population growth yet and som e have no idea where toRead MorePso Algorithm Is Developed By The Social Behavior Patterns Of The Organisms That Exist Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesglobal optimization algorithms, the PSO algorithm is applied for solving various optimization problems easily. In the PSO technique, a population called as a swarm of candidate solutions are encoded as particles in the search space. Initially, PSO begins with the random initialization of the population. 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The Political Career of Kamarajar - 1582 Words

The political career of Kumaraswamy Kamaraj (1903-1975) spanning about 50 years, cutting across the colonial and post-independent phases, of Indian history, is indeed an enviable record. Representing a novel political culture neither bordering on Gandhian thought and action nor possessing the anglicised sophistication and cosmopolitanism of the Nehruvian vision, Kamaraj, rose from an underprivileged background, stood forth as a sober and robust figure winning the confidence and respect of the common people. He showed a rare political acumen and the uncanny ability to grasp social and political realities from the grass roots level upwards. A hard core political realist, his political life was never governed by any high theories or fancy†¦show more content†¦E V Ramasamy was arrested in December 1938 and imprisoned for a year. This confrontation sharpened the conflict between the non-Brahmins and Brahmins within the Congress organisation. The agitation was continued till Rajaji had to opt for making Hindi an optional subject in schools in February 1940. At this crucial moment, Rajajis candidate, C P Subbiah, was defeated by K Kamaraj with the support of the Brahmin leader, Satyamurthi. Kamaraj was elected as the president of the Tamil Nadu Congress in 1940, the post which he held till he became the chief minister of Tamil Nadu in 1954. The advent of Kamaraj as the party boss from a low caste non-Brahmin background made a powerful appeal to the vast non-Brahmin majority and attracted the non-Brahmin elites and the political-minded elements who had long resented the power and privileges of the Brahmins, and broadened the social base of the Congress.7 The non-Brahmin presence in the Congress gained ground, rallying around Kamaraj, a rustic leader who transformed the Congress into a peoples party championing the causes of the lower castes. Kamaraj grew steadily from strength to strength displaying his organising skills to control men and matters. During these years his contact with the people and the respect

Piracy and Copyright Infringement - 1116 Words

If I post a poem on my Facebook site and someone cuts and pastes it on their site is that a case for stealing my intellectual property? According to our textbook, If you purchase a music CD, copy it in large quantities and then sell the copies to all of your friends, then you are guilty of copyright infringement and have violated intellectual property rights. In other words, you are a pirate! This is a significant issue; in fact, some researchers have estimated that in Third World countries, 90% of all new software is pirated (5). However, regarding the poetry example, the answer is it depends. If it is a poem by Emily Dickinson that is in the public domain and not copyrighted, the answer is no, you have not stolen intellectual property. Thankfully, no one can be prosecuted for copyright violation simply for quoting. But if the poem is your original poem and you own the rights to it through a Creative Commons copyright with all rights reserved, and someone steals it, this would be theft of intellectual property. As a poem is a completed work, unlike a quote or an excerpt, and could affect the poets ability to profit from selling his or her work and this could be construed as a violation versus the posting of other written material. When deciding a copyright case, the courts traditionally evaluate: the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes (for example, was the originalShow MoreRelatedThe Internet And Piracy That Will Kill Film Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to movie star Helen Mirren, â€Å"It ll be the Internet and piracy that will kill film.† With the invention of the internet sharing content has been made significantly easier. 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The Lost Symbol Chapter 26-29 Free Essays

string(30) " was practically defining it\." CHAPTER 26 Professor Langdon?† Sato said. â€Å"You look like you’ve seen a ghost. Are you okay?† Langdon hoisted his daybag higher onto his shoulder and laid his hand on top of it, as if somehow this might better hide the cube-shaped package he was carrying. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost Symbol Chapter 26-29 or any similar topic only for you Order Now He could feel his face had gone ashen. â€Å"I’m . . . just worried about Peter.† Sato cocked her head, eyeing him askew. Langdon felt a sudden wariness that Sato’s involvement tonight might relate to this small package that Solomon had entrusted to him. Peter had warned Langdon: Powerful people want to steal this. It would be dangerous in the wrong hands. Langdon couldn’t imagine why the CIA would want a little box containing a talisman . . . or even what the talisman could be. Ordo ab chao? Sato stepped closer, her black eyes probing. â€Å"I sense you’ve had a revelation?† Langdon felt himself sweating now. â€Å"No, not exactly.† â€Å"What’s on your mind?† â€Å"I just . . .† Langdon hesitated, having no idea what to say. He had no intention of revealing the existence of the package in his bag, and yet if Sato took him to the CIA, his bag most certainly would be searched on the way in. â€Å"Actually . . .† he fibbed, â€Å"I have another idea about the numbers on Peter’s hand.† Sato’s expression revealed nothing. â€Å"Yes?† She glanced over at Anderson now, who was just arriving from greeting the forensics team that had finally arrived. Langdon swallowed hard and crouched down beside the hand, wondering what he could possibly come up with to tell them. You’re a teacher, Robert–improvise! He took one last look at the seven tiny symbols, hoping for some sort of inspiration. Nothing. Blank. As Langdon’s eidetic memory skimmed through his mental encyclopedia of symbols, he could find only one possible point to make. It was something that had occurred to him initially, but had seemed unlikely. At the moment, however, he had to buy time to think. â€Å"Well,† he began, â€Å"a symbologist’s first clue that he’s on the wrong track when deciphering symbols and codes is when he starts interpreting symbols using multiple symbolic languages. For example, when I told you this text was Roman and Arabic, that was a poor analysis because I used multiple symbolic systems. The same is true for Roman and runic.† Sato crossed her arms and arched her eyebrows as if to say, â€Å"Go on.† â€Å"In general, communications are made in one language, not multiple languages, and so a symbologist’s first job with any text is to find a single consistent symbolic system that applies to the entire text.† â€Å"And you see a single system now?† â€Å"Well, yes . . . and no.† Langdon’s experience with the rotational symmetry of ambigrams had taught him that symbols sometimes had meanings from multiple angles. In this case, he realized there was indeed a way to view all seven symbols in a single language. â€Å"If we manipulated the hand slightly, the language will become consistent.† Eerily, the manipulation Langdon was about to perform was one that seemed to have been suggested by Peter’s captor already when he spoke the ancient Hermetic adage. As above, so below. Langdon felt a chill as he reached out and grasped the wooden base on which Peter’s hand was secured. Gently, he turned the base upside down so that Peter’s extended fingers were now pointing straight down. The symbols on the palm instantly transformed themselves. â€Å"From this angle,† Langdon said, â€Å"X-I-I-I becomes a valid Roman numeral–thirteen. Moreover, the rest of the characters can be interpreted using the Roman alphabet–SBB.† Langdon assumed the analysis would elicit blank shrugs, but Anderson’s expression immediately changed. â€Å"SBB?† the chief demanded. Sato turned to Anderson. â€Å"If I’m not mistaken, that sounds like a familiar numbering system here in the Capitol Building.† Anderson looked pale. â€Å"It is.† Sato gave a grim smile and nodded to Anderson. â€Å"Chief, follow me, please. I’d like a word in private.† As Director Sato led Chief Anderson out of earshot, Langdon stood alone in bewilderment. What the hell is going on here? And what is SBB XIII? Chief Anderson wondered how this night could possibly get any stranger. The hand says SBB13? He was amazed any outsider had even heard of SBB . . . much less SBB13. Peter Solomon’s index finger, it seemed, was not directing them upward as it had appeared . . . but rather was pointing in quite the opposite direction. Director Sato led Anderson over to a quiet area near the bronze statue of Thomas Jefferson. â€Å"Chief,† she said, â€Å"I trust you know exactly where SBB Thirteen is located?† â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"Do you know what’s inside?† â€Å"No, not without looking. I don’t think it’s been used in decades.† â€Å"Well, you’re going to open it up.† Anderson did not appreciate being told what he would do in his own building. â€Å"Ma’am, that may be problematic. I’ll have to check the assignment roster first. As you know, most of the lower levels are private offices or storage, and security protocol regarding private–â€Å" â€Å"You will unlock SBB Thirteen for me,† Sato said, â€Å"or I will call OS and send in a team with a battering ram.† Anderson stared at her a long moment and then pulled out his radio, raising it to his lips. â€Å"This is Anderson. I need someone to unlock the SBB. Have someone meet me there in five minutes.† The voice that replied sounded confused. â€Å"Chief, confirming you said SBB?† â€Å"Correct. SBB. Send someone immediately. And I’ll need a flashlight.† He stowed his radio. Anderson’s heart was pounding as Sato stepped closer, lowering her voice even further. â€Å"Chief, time is short,† she whispered, â€Å"and I want you to get us down to SBB Thirteen as quickly as possible.† â€Å"Yes, ma’am.† â€Å"I also need something else from you.† In addition to breaking and entering? Anderson was in no position to protest, and yet it had not gone unnoticed by him that Sato had arrived within minutes of Peter’s hand appearing in the Rotunda, and that she now was using the situation to demand access to private sections of the U.S. Capitol. She seemed so far ahead of the curve tonight that she was practically defining it. You read "The Lost Symbol Chapter 26-29" in category "Essay examples" Sato motioned across the room toward the professor. â€Å"The duffel bag on Langdon’s shoulder.† Anderson glanced over. â€Å"What about it?† â€Å"I assume your staff X-rayed that bag when Langdon entered the building?† â€Å"Of course. All bags are scanned.† â€Å"I want to see that X-ray. I want to know what’s in his bag.† Anderson looked over at the bag Langdon had been carrying all evening. â€Å"But . . . wouldn’t it be easier just to ask him?† â€Å"What part of my request was unclear?† Anderson pulled out his radio again and called in her request. Sato gave Anderson her BlackBerry address and requested that his team e-mail her a digital copy of the X-ray as soon as they had located it. Reluctantly Anderson complied. Forensics was now collecting the severed hand for the Capitol Police, but Sato ordered them to deliver it directly to her team at Langley. Anderson was too tired to protest. He had just been run over by a tiny Japanese steamroller. â€Å"And I want that ring,† Sato called over to Forensics. The chief technician seemed ready to question her but thought better of it. He removed the gold ring from Peter’s hand, placed it in a clear specimen bag, and gave it to Sato. She slipped it into her jacket pocket, and then turned to Langdon. â€Å"We’re leaving, Professor. Bring your things.† â€Å"Where are we going?† Langdon replied. â€Å"Just follow Mr. Anderson.† Yes, Anderson thought, and follow me closely. The SBB was a section of the Capitol that few ever visited. To reach it, they would pass through a sprawling labyrinth of tiny chambers and tight passages buried beneath the crypt. Abraham Lincoln’s youngest son, Tad, had once gotten lost down there and almost perished. Anderson was starting to suspect that if Sato had her way, Robert Langdon might suffer a similar fate. CHAPTER 27 Systems security specialist Mark Zoubianis had always prided himself on his ability to multitask. At the moment, he was seated on his futon along with a TV remote, a cordless phone, a laptop, a PDA, and a large bowl of Pirate’s Booty. With one eye on the muted Redskins game and one eye on his laptop, Zoubianis was speaking on his Bluetooth headset with a woman he had not heard from in over a year. Leave it to Trish Dunne to call on the night of a play-off game. Confirming her social ineptitude yet again, his former colleague had chosen the Redskins game as a perfect moment to chat him up and request a favor. After some brief small talk about the old days and how she missed his great jokes, Trish had gotten to her point: she was trying to unmask a hidden IP address, probably that of a secure server in the D.C. area. The server contained a small text document, and she wanted access to it . . . or at the very least, some information about whose document it was. Right guy, wrong timing, he had told her. Trish then showered him with her finest geek flattery, most of which was true, and before Zoubianis knew it, he was typing a strange-looking IP address into his laptop. Zoubianis took one look at the number and immediately felt uneasy. â€Å"Trish, this IP has a funky format. It’s written in a protocol that isn’t even publicly available yet. It’s probably gov intel or military.† â€Å"Military?† Trish laughed. â€Å"Believe me, I just pulled a redacted document off this server, and it was not military.† Zoubianis pulled up his terminal window and tried a traceroute. â€Å"You said your traceroute died?† â€Å"Yeah. Twice. Same hop.† â€Å"Mine, too.† He pulled up a diagnostic probe and launched it. â€Å"And what’s so interesting about this IP?† â€Å"I ran a delegator that tapped a search engine at this IP and pulled a redacted document. I need to see the rest of the document. I’m happy to pay them for it, but I can’t figure out who owns the IP or how to access it.† Zoubianis frowned at his screen. â€Å"Are you sure about this? I’m running a diagnostic, and this firewall coding looks . . . pretty serious.† â€Å"That’s why you get the big bucks.† Zoubianis considered it. They’d offered him a fortune for a job this easy. â€Å"One question, Trish. Why are you so hot on this?† Trish paused. â€Å"I’m doing a favor for a friend.† â€Å"Must be a special friend.† â€Å"She is.† Zoubianis chuckled and held his tongue. I knew it. â€Å"Look,† Trish said, sounding impatient. â€Å"Are you good enough to unmask this IP? Yes or no?† â€Å"Yes, I’m good enough. And yes, I know you’re playing me like a fiddle.† â€Å"How long will it take you?† â€Å"Not long,† he said, typing as he spoke. â€Å"I should be able to get into a machine on their network within ten minutes or so. Once I’m in and know what I’m looking at, I’ll call you back.† â€Å"I appreciate it. So, are you doing well?† Now she asks? â€Å"Trish, for God’s sake, you called me on the night of a play-off game and now you want to chat? Do you want me to hack this IP or not?† â€Å"Thanks, Mark. I appreciate it. I’ll be waiting for your call.† â€Å"Fifteen minutes.† Zoubianis hung up, grabbed his bowl of Pirate’s Booty, and unmuted the game. Women. CHAPTER 28 Where are they taking me? As Langdon hurried with Anderson and Sato into the depths of the Capitol, he felt his heart rate increasing with each downward step. They had begun their journey through the west portico of the Rotunda, descending a marble staircase and then doubling back through a wide doorway into the famous chamber directly beneath the Rotunda floor. The Capitol Crypt. The air was heavier here, and Langdon was already feeling claustrophobic. The crypt’s low ceiling and soft uplighting accentuated the robust girth of the forty Doric columns required to support the vast stone floor directly overhead. Relax, Robert. â€Å"This way,† Anderson said, moving quickly as he angled to the left across the wide circular space. Thankfully, this particular crypt contained no bodies. Instead it contained several statues, a model of the Capitol, and a low storage area for the wooden catafalque on which coffins were laid for state funerals. The entourage hurried through, without even a glance at the four-pointed marble compass in the center of the floor where the Eternal Flame had once burned. Anderson seemed to be in a hurry, and Sato once again had her head buried in her BlackBerry. Cellular service, Langdon had heard, was boosted and broadcast to all corners of the Capitol Building to support the hundreds of government phone calls that took place here every day. After diagonally crossing the crypt, the group entered a dimly lit foyer and began winding through a convoluted series of hallways and dead ends. The warren of passages contained numbered doorways, each of which bore an identification number. Langdon read the doors as they snaked their way around. S154 . . . S153 . . . S152 . . . He had no idea what lay behind these doors, but at least one thing now seemed clear–the meaning of the tattoo on Peter Solomon’s palm. SBB13 appeared to be a numbered doorway somewhere in the bowels of the U.S. Capitol Building. â€Å"What are all these doorways?† Langdon asked, clutching his daybag tightly to his ribs and wondering what Solomon’s tiny package could possibly have to do with a door marked SBB13. â€Å"Offices and storage,† Anderson said. â€Å"Private offices and storage,† he added, glancing back at Sato. Sato did not even glance up from her BlackBerry. â€Å"They look tiny,† Langdon said. â€Å"Glorified closets, most of them, but they’re still some of the most sought-after real estate in D.C. This is the heart of the original Capitol, and the old Senate chamber is two stories above us.† â€Å"And SBB Thirteen?† Langdon asked. â€Å"Whose office is that?† â€Å"Nobody’s. The SBB is a private storage area, and I must say, I’m puzzled how–â€Å" â€Å"Chief Anderson,† Sato interrupted without looking up from her BlackBerry. â€Å"Just take us there, please.† Anderson clenched his jaw and guided them on in silence through what was now feeling like a hybrid self-storage facility and epic labyrinth. On almost every wall, directional signs pointed back and forth, apparently attempting to locate specific office blocks in this network of hallways. S142 to S152 . . . ST1 to ST70 . . . H1 to H166 HT1 to HT67 . . . Langdon doubted he could ever find his way out of here alone. This place is a maze. From all he could gather, office numbers began with either an S or an H depending on whether they were on the Senate side of the building or the House side. Areas designated ST and HT were apparently on a level that Anderson called Terrace Level. Still no signs for SBB. Finally they arrived at a heavy steel security door with a key-card entry box. SB Level Langdon sensed they were getting closer. Anderson reached for his key card but hesitated, looking uncomfortable with Sato’s demands. â€Å"Chief,† Sato prompted. â€Å"We don’t have all night.† Anderson reluctantly inserted his key card. The steel door released. He pushed it open, and they stepped through into the foyer beyond. The heavy door clicked shut behind them. Langdon wasn’t sure what he had hoped to see in this foyer, but the sight in front of him was definitely not it. He was staring at a descending stairway. â€Å"Down again?† he said, stopping short. â€Å"There’s a level under the crypt?† â€Å"Yes,† Anderson said. â€Å"SB stands for `Senate Basement.’ â€Å" Langdon groaned. Terrific. CHAPTER 29 The headlights winding up the SMSC’s wooded access road were the first the guard had seen in the last hour. Dutifully, he turned down the volume on his portable TV set and stashed his snacks beneath the counter. Lousy timing. The Redskins were completing their opening drive, and he didn’t want to miss it. As the car drew closer, the guard checked the name on the notepad in front of him. Dr. Christopher Abaddon. Katherine Solomon had just called to alert Security of this guest’s imminent arrival. The guard had no idea who this doctor might be, but he was apparently very good at doctoring; he was arriving in a black stretch limousine. The long, sleek vehicle rolled to a stop beside the guardhouse, and the driver’s tinted window lowered silently. â€Å"Good evening,† the chauffeur said, doffing his cap. He was a powerfully built man with a shaved head. He was listening to the football game on his radio. â€Å"I have Dr. Christopher Abaddon for Ms. Katherine Solomon?† The guard nodded. â€Å"Identification, please.† The chauffeur looked surprised. â€Å"I’m sorry, didn’t Ms. Solomon call ahead?† The guard nodded, stealing a glance at the television. â€Å"I’m still required to scan and log visitor identification. Sorry, regulations. I’ll need to see the doctor’s ID.† â€Å"Not a problem.† The chauffeur turned backward in his seat and spoke in hushed tones through the privacy screen. As he did, the guard stole another peek at the game. The Redskins were breaking from the huddle now, and he hoped to get this limo through before the next play. The chauffeur turned forward again and held out the ID that he’d apparently just received through the privacy screen. The guard took the card and quickly scanned it into his system. The D.C. driver’s license showed one Christopher Abaddon from Kalorama Heights. The photo depicted a handsome blond gentleman wearing a blue blazer, a necktie, and a satin pocket square. Who the hell wears a pocket square to the DMV? A muffled cheer went up from the television set, and the guard wheeled just in time to see a Redskins player dancing in the end zone, his finger pointed skyward. â€Å"I missed it,† the guard grumbled, returning to the window. â€Å"Okay,† he said, returning the license to the chauffeur. â€Å"You’re all set.† As the limo pulled through, the guard returned to his TV, hoping for a replay. As Mal’akh drove his limo up the winding access road, he couldn’t help but smile. Peter Solomon’s secret museum had been simple to breach. Sweeter still, tonight was the second time in twenty-four hours that Mal’akh had broken into one of Solomon’s private spaces. Last night, a similar visit had been made to Solomon’s home. Although Peter Solomon had a magnificent country estate in Potomac, he spent much of his time in the city at his penthouse apartment at the exclusive Dorchester Arms. His building, like most that catered to the super-rich, was a veritable fortress. High walls. Guard gates. Guest lists. Secured underground parking. Mal’akh had driven this very limousine up to the building’s guardhouse, doffed his chauffeur’s cap from his shaved head, and proclaimed, â€Å"I have Dr. Christopher Abaddon. He is an invited guest of Mr. Peter Solomon.† Mal’akh spoke the words as if he were announcing the Duke of York. The guard checked a log and then Abaddon’s ID. â€Å"Yes, I see Mr. Solomon is expecting Dr. Abaddon.† He pressed a button and the gate opened. â€Å"Mr. Solomon is in the penthouse apartment. Have your guest use the last elevator on the right. It goes all the way up.† â€Å"Thank you.† Mal’akh tipped his hat and drove through. As he wound deep into the garage, he scanned for security cameras. Nothing. Apparently, those who lived here were neither the kind of people who broke into cars nor the kind of people who appreciated being watched. Mal’akh parked in a dark corner near the elevators, lowered the divider between the driver’s compartment and the passenger compartment, and slithered through the opening into the back of the limo. Once in back, he got rid of his chauffeur’s cap and donned his blond wig. Straightening his jacket and tie, he checked the mirror to make sure he had not smeared his makeup. Mal’akh was not about to take any chances. Not tonight. I have waited too long for this. Seconds later, Mal’akh was stepping into the private elevator. The ride to the top was silent and smooth. When the door opened, he found himself in an elegant, private foyer. His host was already waiting. â€Å"Dr. Abaddon, welcome.† Mal’akh looked into the man’s famous gray eyes and felt his heart begin to race. â€Å"Mr. Solomon, I appreciate your seeing me.† â€Å"Please, call me Peter.† The two men shook hands. As Mal’akh gripped the older man’s palm, he saw the gold Masonic ring on Solomon’s hand . . . the same hand that had once aimed a gun at Mal’akh. A voice whispered from Mal’akh’s distant past. If you pull that trigger, I will haunt you forever. â€Å"Please come in,† Solomon said, ushering Mal’akh into an elegant living room whose expansive windows offered an astonishing view of the Washington skyline. â€Å"Do I smell tea steeping?† Mal’akh asked as he entered. Solomon looked impressed. â€Å"My parents always greeted guests with tea. I’ve carried on that tradition.† He led Mal’akh into the living room, where a tea service was waiting in front of the fire. â€Å"Cream and sugar?† â€Å"Black, thank you.† Again Solomon looked impressed. â€Å"A purist.† He poured them both a cup of black tea. â€Å"You said you needed to discuss something with me that was sensitive in nature and could be discussed only in private.† â€Å"Thank you. I appreciate your time.† â€Å"You and I are Masonic brothers now. We have a bond. Tell me how I can help you.† â€Å"First, I would like to thank you for the honor of the thirty-third degree a few months ago. This is deeply meaningful to me.† â€Å"I’m glad, but please know that those decisions are not mine alone. They are by vote of the Supreme Council.† â€Å"Of course.† Mal’akh suspected Peter Solomon had probably voted against him, but within the Masons, as with all things, money was power. Mal’akh, after achieving the thirty-second degree in his own lodge, had waited only a month before making a multimillion-dollar donation to charity in the name of the Masonic Grand Lodge. The unsolicited act of selflessness, as Mal’akh anticipated, was enough to earn him a quick invitation into the elite thirty-third degree. And yet I have learned no secrets. Despite the age-old whispers–â€Å"All is revealed at the thirty-third degree†Ã¢â‚¬â€œMal’akh had been told nothing new, nothing of relevance to his quest. But he had never expected to be told. The inner circle of Freemasonry contained smaller circles still . . . circles Mal’akh would not see for years, if ever. He didn’t care. His initiation had served its purpose. Something unique had happened within that Temple Room, and it had given Mal’akh power over all of them. I no longer play by your rules. â€Å"You do realize,† Mal’akh said, sipping his tea, â€Å"that you and I met many years ago.† Solomon looked surprised. â€Å"Really? I don’t recall.† â€Å"It was quite a long time ago.† And Christopher Abaddon is not my real name. â€Å"I’m so sorry. My mind must be getting old. Remind me how I know you?† Mal’akh smiled one last time at the man he hated more than any other man on earth. â€Å"It’s unfortunate that you don’t recall.† In one fluid motion, Mal’akh pulled a small device from his pocket and extended it outward, driving it hard into the man’s chest. There was a flash of blue light, the sharp sizzle of the stun- gun discharge, and a gasp of pain as one million volts of electricity coursed through Peter Solomon’s body. His eyes went wide, and he slumped motionless in his chair. Mal’akh stood up now, towering over the man, salivating like a lion about to consume his injured prey. Solomon was gasping, straining to breathe. Mal’akh saw fear in his victim’s eyes and wondered how many people had ever seen the great Peter Solomon cower. Mal’akh savored the scene for several long seconds. He took a sip of tea, waiting for the man to catch his breath. Solomon was twitching, attempting to speak. â€Å"Wh-why?† he finally managed. â€Å"Why do you think?† Mal’akh demanded. Solomon looked truly bewildered. â€Å"You want . . . money?† Money? Mal’akh laughed and took another sip of tea. â€Å"I gave the Masons millions of dollars; I have no need of wealth.† I come for wisdom, and he offers me wealth. â€Å"Then what . . . do you want?† â€Å"You possess a secret. You will share it with me tonight.† Solomon struggled to lift his chin so he could look Mal’akh in the eye. â€Å"I don’t . . . understand.† â€Å"No more lies!† Mal’akh shouted, advancing to within inches of the paralyzed man. â€Å"I know what is hidden here in Washington.† Solomon’s gray eyes were defiant. â€Å"I have no idea what you’re talking about!† Mal’akh took another sip of tea and set the cup on a coaster. â€Å"You spoke those same words to me ten years ago, on the night of your mother’s death.† Solomon’s eyes shot wide open. â€Å"You . . . ?† â€Å"She didn’t have to die. If you had given me what I demanded . . .† The older man’s face contorted in a mask of horrified recognition . . . and disbelief. â€Å"I warned you,† Mal’akh said, â€Å"if you pulled the trigger, I would haunt you forever.† â€Å"But you’re–â€Å" Mal’akh lunged, driving the Taser hard into Solomon’s chest again. There was another flash of blue light, and Solomon went completely limp. Mal’akh put the Taser back in his pocket and calmly finished his tea. When he was done, he dabbed his lips with a monogrammed linen napkin and peered down at his victim. â€Å"Shall we go?† Solomon’s body was motionless, but his eyes were wide and engaged. Mal’akh got down close and whispered in the man’s ear. â€Å"I’m taking you to a place where only truth remains.† Without another word, Mal’akh wadded up the monogrammed napkin and stuffed it into Solomon’s mouth. Then he hoisted the limp man onto his broad shoulders and headed for the private elevator. On his way out, he picked up Solomon’s iPhone and keys from the hall table. Tonight you will tell me all your secrets, Mal’akh thought. Including why you left me for dead all those years ago. How to cite The Lost Symbol Chapter 26-29, Essay examples

The Moonstone Essay Example For Students

The Moonstone Essay Since the beginning of time, man has used various methods on which to pass down stories,beliefs, and myths which explain different aspects of life. From oral tradition, topictographs, to clay tablets, and onto paper, all compose the world of literature. Literaturehas always been an infinite realm of ideas, morals, and trains of thought. Although thesphere of literature is encircled with extreme diversity of thought, its core is focused onone theme: man. All literature carries with itself three main characteristics: it is written byman, for man, and about man. Oedipus the King, the great Greek tragedy by theunparalleled philosopher, Sophocles, is no exception to literatures domain. It deals withone king, Oedipus, and his plight to avenge the death of his predecessor, King Laios. Inhis determined search to find the murderer, he establishes a proclamation which woulddemand the banishment and even the death of the murderer. In his ironic action, the readerdiscovers that this murderer tha t Oedipus is so determined to discover is none other thanOedipus himself. In adhesion to the definition of literature, this tragic plot reveals to thereader three main commentaries about the nature of man: man cannot escape his past,pride is the sin which leads man to greater evils, and although the life of man is in itself apositive good, there will always be a shadow of terrible tragedy that falls across it. All throughout literature, many works have portrayed characters who carry withthem a dark and gloomy past, and try to tear this shameful history of their lives from thebooks of their life. Unfortunately, this is impossible due to the fact that the past is aprecursor to the present which, in turn, determines ones future. It is ones past that makesone what he or she is today. For example, if an individual committed ruthless acts such astheft or murder, was not caught by the law, and later realizes that that particular aspect ofhis or her life has caused them great grief and regret, he or she will make the effort tochange and become a new individual. Let us say that individual becomes one who caresabout the welfare of others and takes social action against the injustices of society. Thisindividual became what he or she is today because of an incident which occurred in his ofher past. This catching up of the past need not always be negative and be portrayed assome type of revenge infrin ged upon the individual possibly due to a vile incident in thepast, but the past will always effect the future and its toll is inevitable. As proclaimed by the Catholic church in the middle ages, seven deadly sins existwhich ultimately lead to the loss of salvation by the soul which indulges in such evils. Ofthe seven, pride has been the one which serves as the catalyst for the remaining six. Pridecreates in an individual a disposition of excessive self-love and the need to be better thananother. Once a person has excessive pride, he or she must have the satisfaction ofknowing they are better and must prove this higher status through material possessionsand/or power. This has led to the next sin, greed. This domino effect will continue on untilthe individual recognizes his or her faults and reconciles, or until he or she has immersedthemselves in the totality of evil and suffers the consequences through death or horriblesuffering. As evidenced in this work, pride was one of the factors which helped to createthe tragic plot of the story. Both King Laios and Oedipus exhibited the characteristics ofpride. When King Laios was traveling down the path where the three roads met, he andhis men encountered a man walking alongside named Oedipus. King Laios, in his need toshow he was more powerful and of a higher status, requested his men to run Oedipus offthe road. Oedipus was angered by this show of egotism, and in his need to show he wasnot someone who would take such an act, he went as far as to kill all but one of thetraveling party, even the king himself. This show of pride, in the fulfillment the prophecy,contributed to the downfall of the protagonist and set the stage for the plot. .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed , .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed .postImageUrl , .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed , .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed:hover , .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed:visited , .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed:active { border:0!important; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed:active , .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u681898e2370c062d1efb5b63eeed81ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Smoking is the most important single preventable c Essay Man, through the definition of literature, is a fallible creature who is susceptible tothe temptations of the immoral. It is in mans nature for him to err. It is also inconcordance with the very nature of the universe that he should suffer for the actions ofhis errors. This brings into view the third commentary about man and his existence: thatalthough the life of man is in itself a positive good, there will always be a shadow ofterrible tragedy that falls across it. This shadow is always cast by either or both of twodifferent bodies: an unconscious error committed by an individual, and/or an errorcommitted due to so me flaw in mans nature. In this Greek tragedy, the protagonistsuffered through an aspect of his own nature which in Greek is called hubris, or as todayssociety knows it, the deadly sin of pride. His pride led him to act irrationally in the incidentat the place where three roads met, where he unknowingly committed the act of regicide,and later realizes that he also has committed parricide, and fulfilled the prophecy of hisdestiny. Man himself is not omnipotent, but a fragile, mortal being who unavoidably must As in all literature, the main objective which exudes from each literary workapplies itself to the existence of man. In the Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King, threedissertations of human nature are exhibited. These three are: man cannot escape his past,pride is the sin which leads man to greater evils, and although the life of man is in itself apositive good, there will always be a shadow of terrible tragedy that falls across it. Theplot in this renowned Greek tragedy emphasizes t he role of literature. With the protagonisthaving to suffer for the acts he committed in his past, to the flaw of pride which led him tocommit the act, and finally, to the consequences he had to suffer due to his actions, itclearly states and exhibits how the actions of the characters in this story pertain to thecommon individual not of only the society of Sophocles time, but also to the individual ofBibliography:

EU’s Approach To Economic Regionalism †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the EUs Approach To Economic Regionalism. Answer: Introduction The objective of this study is to focus on the EUs approach toeconomic regionalism that have been exposed by global financial crisis and its aftermath.Economic regionalism refers to institutional arrangements that are designed to aid free flow of commodities as well as services and to organizeinternational economic policies among the nations. It has viewed as an attempt in managing the constraints as well as opportunities that is basically formed by huge rise in foreign economic ties (Acharya and Amitav 2012). Few examples of economic regionalism include- free trade,economic unions, customs unions etc. Different schemes of economic integration were mainly founded in Europe in that period of World War II. It mainly includes European Union, EFTA (European free trade association) and European communities. Weakness in the EUs approach to economic regionalism that were exposed by the global financial crisis and its aftermath Economic regionalism initiated in Western parts of Europe and extended to East Asia, North as well as Latin America and in other nations. Different types of economic regionalism are mainly differentiated by integration level in which the countries were involved (Gilpin and Robert 2016). One of the basic forms of economic regionalism is EFTA that facilitates in reducing customs duties among their members. The currency as well as economic Union mainly intends in economic integration with the help of general economic policy and removal of tariff as well as non-tariff barriers. Institutional integration level is one of the economic regionalism forms and is also known as tight regionalism (Beeson and Mark. 2014). One example of tight regionalism is European Union (EU) that has been evolved from free trade sector to customs union. However, incorporation within EU helps in creating spillover effects in political as well as social arenas. In addition, another method that has been used for cl assifying economic regionalism forms is the method by which their non-members are treated. Non members are not discriminated in case of open regionalism. The APEC and EU contain different institutional arrangements, which facilitates in promoting open regionalism (Haastrup and Toni 2013). Similarly, closed regionalism inflicts protectionist measures for limiting non-members entre to the market of member states. There are few global factors that influence EUs approach in economic regionalism includes- multilateralism evolution, statement of WTO rules and liberalization in global trade. In fact, these factors also complicate the foreign policy of EU. The modern theory on economic regionalism is solely based on inter-governmental as well as inter-states cooperation on issues in trade. This cooperation refers to expression of vital changes that took place since 1990s. Firstly, they are the economic consensus expression that praises promotion of exports rather than substitution strategies. Developed as well as less developed nations shares the specific vision of economic policy (Lenz and Tobias 2012). This vision relies on the basic concept that economic activities that do not represent the way for successful development. Secondly, the necessity expression aids in reducing the multilateral negotiation complexity in liberalized trade. Negotiations among the regions help in reducing complexity through several problems and simplify agenda. Thirdly, this expression of need is to preserve cultural or social peculiarities that are generally perceived as homogenizing process of globalization. Economic regionalism has been basically feature d by negative integration strategies. Regional authority is mainly used for reducing national barriers to trade. However, economic regions follow market supporting strategies and have splits its relations of governance between national polity as well as trans- national marketplace. In addition, the members of EU have utilized regional aggregation in order to change their nations by not changing their own institutions. Economic Regionalism has become the worldwide phenomenon. Owing to increase in international interdependence, nations seek to cooperate with adjacent states in order to tackle problems that include environmental degradation and migration flows. The EU has been considered as the primary exponent of economic integration for transforming animosities among the states. Due to this, policymakers of other nations were attracted for providing stability and security among the individuals. The theory of diffusion offers analytical tools in analyzing the influence of communities on economic regionalism. The EU also seeks in strengthening existing organization in the regions around the globe. However, it provides financial assistance, trade agreements and confers interregional cooperation. In addition, the interregional channels providing economic resources influences regional dynamics. The financial assistance of EU s also impacts on the regional dynamics. EUs indirectly affects the economic re gionalism through competition as well as emulation process. Economic regionalism is related with globalization in the form of open regionalism that aimed at global market and resistance to market forces globally. EUs approach in economic regionalism process was to provide peaceful field where sovereign nations unites their efforts for creating regional objectives (Lenz and Tobias 2013). Open regionalism is the framework that describes the relationship between globalization and economic regionalism. The key drivers for economic regionalism including decline in cost of transaction, policy externalities, advancement of technologies owing to rise in competition, rise in FDI ( Foreign direct investments), economies of scale facilitates the states in gaining from trading of goods with each other. Regional cooperation as well as integration are the main drivers of economic regionalism. The new economic regionalism approached by EU typically involves nations that involved in low tariff barriers and follows outward oriented strategies. These policies facilitates in reducing the diversion cost of trade. However, it also stresses the gains from cost of transaction and tarde barriers. On the contrary, the Asian as well as Latin American nations claim to pursue open regionalism (MacLeod and Gordon 2015). It refers to cooperative arrangement and is also referred to as concerted unilateralism. Moreover, it avoids diversion cost of trade that troubled developing nations regional groups. Research on economic regionalism is mainly classified into two various outcomes. As opined by Hettne and Bjrn (2016), theories on international relations have considered regionalism as international cooperation. This means that international relations significantly affects on the regionalism. Firstly, integration as well as cooperation is the two main results of regionalism. Furthermore, regional cooperation involves joint exercise of political authority of each state in intergovernmental organization for solving action problems in relation to political and economical issues. In contrast to this, regional integration involves framing up of supranational organizations in which the political authority has been delegated in making binding decisions. For example, setting up of foreign conflicts and dealing with adverse effects of liberalization. Secondly, integration theories mainly initiates from European integration. However, European integration also serves in estimating regional inte gration in other nations. As a result, theories relating to regional integration have been applied to EUs economic regionalism. On the other hand, theories of cooperation cover economic regionalism outside European countries. The global financial crisis has some affect on its framework of regionalism and thus the model that EU promotes such as liberalization in trade and democracy is presently in crisis for many nations in EU. For example, the main issue for South American economic regionalism is mainly due to disagreements among the nations. The main aim of EU is to protect its nations or regions from external competition. This however is also referred to as closed regionalism that focuses at pursuing few strategies that includes import substitution for ensuring self-sustainability as well as growth in the economy. Moreover, this approach of EU changed completely during its second wave that is from the year 1990 onwards. Since then the economic regionalism has been promoting exports of the nations and this led to initiation of new markets. Another problem that has been identified for regionalism in South American is the protectionist governmental measures and attitudes towards change in free trade betwee n the regions (Jeffery and Charlie 2015). In addition, the crisis of this nations regionalism has been the outcome of several intergovernmental factors that led to the prototype of overlapping, duplicating and sub-regional schemes. Since the year 1990, economic regionalism in East Asian countries has observed emergence of three various phenomena that includes Trans- pacific regionalism, rise in intra regional organizations in this nations and influence of APEC. It has been noted from recent study that economic regionalism has shown huge progress in European countries than in Asian countries (Rose-Ackerman and Susan 2013). However, by promoting coordination among national authorities, economic integration and developing intuitions among the regions, the EU has created economic gains and reduced the gap of income among its member nations. On the other hand, regionalism in East Asian has developed in different way. In this situation, the markets drive regional integration more than their respective nations governments. Cooperation among the authorities of these nations remains hub for economical issues and formal institutions. The three weaknesses of EUs approach in economic regionalism includes- The banking Union- The global financial crisis has exposed the weakness of EUs approach in economic regionalism among the member nations. The weakness mainly lies in monetary union without the banking Union. This monetary Union however divided Europe both inside as well as outside Eurozone. However, in this circumstances, banking Union and proper implementation of economic policies can be the best method in solving this issue. Foreign policy- Foreign policy that has been adopted by EU has been one of their weaknesses in their approach in economic regionalism. In fact, other countries also pose various challenges through their foreign policies, which in other way affects their economic growth of these nations. Political integration-One of its great weakness of EUs has been political integration degree within the economy. The present level of political integration has been relatively low and hence this gave rise to huge contradictions. Moreover, the EU has less powers in the process of election of national governments in which the citizens has less participation in direct way (Tel and Mario 2013). On the contrary, the economic decisions that has been taken at the European level that affects the citizens of the country are mainly resolved through governments negotiations. EU faces huge challenges for the continuing economic crisis and these impacts on the European countries. The governance principles of EU approach in regionalism includes- In order to make economic regionalism inclusive, they gives extra advantage to small nations as well as minorities in making decision Making decision on some economical issues by majority voting Open procedure of coordination that allows EUs member nations for agreeing on intergovernmental cooperation initiatives Economical decisions are mainly taken based on subsidiarity principle at the governmental level There are some theories that provide insights about regionalism effects. Economic regionalism is stepping stone for globalization and it also influences the domestic policies of the nations and political processes. It has been noted from the recent study that globalization process and rise in economic regionalism approached by EU have profound effects on the financial systems. In addition, regionalism involves less governmental action of the states for intervening in the process of globalization (Sderbaum, Fredri and Shaw 2013). The resistance framework basically concerns with the social values that includes distribution as well as social justice that is considered as the key driving force for economic regionalism. Legitimacy has been the fundamental concern for the policymakers that contemplates the regionalism form. Economic regionalism also responded to globalization through rise in cultural identity and regionalist parties. With broadening of economic regionalism, the uniqueness of EU becomes less with respect to other regionalism forms. Rationalist cooperation approaches takes economic regionalism as strategic states responses to the globalization challenges (Ravenhill and John 2017). On the other hand, social constructivist approaches facilitates in suggesting the cultures of the nations in EU that are more or less well-suited with regionalism outcomes. The global financial crisis (GFC) during the period 2008 -2009 was a vital event around the globe. It caused slowdowns as well as massive wealth loss around the globe and reversed world trade growth. Moreover, the effects of this GFC varied across different nations as well as regions. But this crisis influences greatly on US and Europe and peripheries of Europe. The effect were conveyed through channels of real economy as economic slowdowns of developed nations led to decreased demand for produced commodities that have been manufactured by emerging markets. Global financial governance that has been most relevant to economic regionalism in Europe is crisis management. Several attempts have been done by ASEAN( Association of South East Asian Nations), AU (African Union) and GCC( Gulf Cooperation council) in order to gain regional integration within the nations, but they have failed in achieving it resembling the EU s progress. Following the GFC, several challenges faced EU that weakene d their approach in economic regionalism (Okeke and Aniche 2012). The first challenge that faced EU is rising fiscal coordination along with worsening outlook of the economy. However, it is suggested that EU must improve their financial system and also follow through severity measures initiated by its member states (Malamud, Andrs and Gardini. 2012). Additionally, the share of EU in global GDP reduced from 24% to 22% during the period 1990 to 2010. Another challenge that is faced by EU is resolving their identity crisis. In addition, EU has improved from customs union to only one market as well as Eurozone of the member countries. Hence, they have been unable in strengthening political institutions and is consistent with the requirement of integration. Economic regionalism has proven effective in facilitating to protect the markets of the member nations and provide strength in the economy through formation of RTA (Regional trade Agreement). However, the globalization organizations namely IMF (International Monetary Fund) and WTO (World Trade Organization) agreements unite the governments to their market liberalization that confines their ability in pursuing macroeconomic policies (Sunkel, Osvaldo and Inotai 2016). However, some regions or states of EU have reacted through economic regionalism for preserving stability in culture and economy. However, debate creates from the fact that economic regionalism simply places international system and hence the scale of regulation as well as stability that initiates from regionalism has been incomparable. Thus, with economic stability that has been offered to nations by economic regionalism, it has been forecasted that interregional relations will also rise in future. Conclusion From the above assignment , it can be concluded that the unifying factor in various types of economic regionalism is basically the desire of the member countries for using wider space in advancing economic interest. Economic integration is one of the example of its regionalism that have been exposed by GFC . Moreover, economic regionalism approach by EU failed due to two factors. Firstly, multilateralism served their major nations interest and hence economic rational did not seemed to exist in these economies for pursuing regional alternatives. In addition, the member nations have been apprehensive of trade arrangements and have restrained themselves from this attempt. It is controversial that economic regionalism impacts on the political aspect of nations agreement and global governance. Thus, foreign policy, political integration and banking Union are the three main weakness of the EUs approach that has been exposed by GFC and its aftermath. References Acharya, Amitav. "Comparative regionalism: A field whose time has come?."The International Spectator47, no. 1 (2012): 3-15. Beeson, Mark.Regionalism and globalization in East Asia: politics, security and economic development. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Beeson, Mark.Regionalism and globalization in East Asia: politics, security and economic development. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Gilpin, Robert.The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press, 2016. Haastrup, Toni. "EU as mentor? Promoting regionalism as external relations practice in EUAfrica relations."Journal of European Integration35, no. 7 (2013): 785-800. Hettne, Bjrn, ed.The new regionalism and the future of security and development. Vol. 4. Springer, 2016. Jeffery, Charlie, ed.The regional dimension of the European Union: towards a third level in Europe?. Routledge, 2015. Jonas, Andrew EG. "Region and place: Regionalism in question."Progress in Human Geography36, no. 2 (2012): 263-272. Keating, Michael, and John Loughlin, eds.The political economy of regionalism. Routledge, 2013. Lenz, Tobias. "Spurred emulation: The EU and regional integration in Mercosur and SADC."West European Politics35, no. 1 (2012): 155-173. Lenz, Tobias. "EU normative power and regionalism: Ideational diffusion and its limits."Cooperation and Conflict48, no. 2 (2013): 211-228. MacLeod, Gordon. "New regionalism reconsidered: globalization and the remaking of political economic space."International journal of urban and regional research25, no. 4 (2015): 804-829. Malamud, Andrs, and Gian Luca Gardini. "Has regionalism peaked? The Latin American quagmire and its lessons."The International Spectator47, no. 1 (2012): 116-133. Okeke, V. O. S., and E. T. Aniche. "Economic Regionalism and Dependency in Africa: A Study of African Economic Community (AEC)."Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review1, no. 11 (2012): 5-23. Ravenhill, John, ed.Global political economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. Riggirozzi, Pa. "Region, regionness and regionalism in Latin America: towards a new synthesis."New Political Economy17, no. 4 (2012): 421-443 Rose-Ackerman, Susan.Corruption: A study in political economy. Academic Press, 2013. Sderbaum, Fredrik, and Timothy M. Shaw. "Theories of new regionalism."A Palgrave Reader, Basingstoke(2013). Sunkel, Osvaldo, and Andra Inotai.Globalism and the new regionalism. Vol. 1. Springer, 2016. Tel, Mario, ed.European Union and new regionalism: regional actors and global governance in a post-hegemonic era. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2013.